The steep white cliffs of Dover have for centuries symbolised a barrier protecting England
from foreign invasion. The town of Dover faces the English Channel, the stretch of sea
between the British Isles and continental Europe, opposite the French port of Calais. The
strategic importance of Dover to the defence of England has been evident throughout
history. Down the centuries, Dover has taken on many roles, including garrison, arsenal,
prison and military school.
The first foreigner to transgress its coastline was Julius Caesar in 500 BC, commencing 400 years of
Roman domination, leaving many artistic and architectural treasures in its wake, including the fortress
of Richborough. After the Romans came the Normans, before, eventually, English dominance reigned
supreme. But the concern for security still persists - some 20 years ago a nuclear bunker was built at
Dover Castle.
The towns around Dover also have a rich history. The town of Deal features a castle whose secret
rooms were used by King Henry VIII to imprison several enemies, many of whom 'disappeared'.
Another site of historical interest in the region is Walmer Castle, home to Lord Walmer, guardian of
five ports on the south coast of England. Examples of the ancient battles between the church and
English monarchy include Canterbury Cathedral, the Heritage Museum and St Augustine Abbey.
Historical attractions are complemented by picturesque countryside and facilities such as top-class
golf courses, making the region popular with both British and international visitors.
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